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SMS Zieten
SMS ''Zieten'' was the first aviso built for the Imperial German Navy (''Kaiserliche Marine''). She was built in Britain in 1875–1876, and was the last major warship built for Germany by a foreign shipyard. Ordered as a testbed for the new Whitehead torpedo, ''Zieten'' was armed with a pair of torpedo tubes, and was capable of a top speed of , making her the fastest ship in the German fleet at the time. ''Zieten'' proved to be the first torpedo-armed vessel in a series of avisos that ultimately developed into the first light cruisers. In addition to her impact in German warship design, ''Zieten'' also influenced numerous other navies, who built dozens of similar avisos and torpedo vessels of their own.
''Zieten'' served for the first two decades of her career with the torpedo boat flotilla. In 1878–1880, she was captained by Alfred von Tirpitz, the future architect of the High Seas Fleet. In 1882, she cruised the Mediterranean Sea with several other German warships, and was present during the British bombardment of Alexandria, where she protected German interests. ''Zieten'' was used as a fishery protection ship from 1899 until 1914, when the outbreak of World War I necessitated her mobilization as a coastal patrol ship. She served in this capacity for the duration of the war, and was stricken from the naval register in December 1919. The ship was finally sold for scrapping in August 1921, after forty-five years of service.
==Design==
In 1869, the Prussian Navy sent then-''Korvettenkapitän'' Alexander von Monts to Austria to examine the new Whitehead torpedoes then being developed there. Albrecht von Stosch, the commander in chief of the new Imperial German Navy, approved a plan to develop a torpedo arm for the German fleet, and placed Monts in charge of the program in 1873. That year, Stosch's naval construction program called for a tender for the new torpedo boats.〔Gottschall, p. 48〕 The tender was ordered from the British firm the Thames Iron Works, and named ''Zieten''.〔 She was to be the last major warship purchased by the German navy from a foreign shipyard.〔Dunlap, p. 957〕
In addition to the planned role as a tender for torpedo boats, she was also intended to serve as a test platform for the new self-propelled torpedo. Up to the mid-1870s, the German navy had only experimented with a handful of torpedo ships, all of which were equipped with the old spar torpedo.〔Sondhaus, p. 115〕 The ship's design provided the basis for both later German avisos—the —and all subsequent light cruisers,〔Gardiner, p. 249〕 but also to numerous foreign designs, such as several classes of French, Italian, and Austrian avisos and torpedo craft.〔Ropp, pp. 130–131, 136〕
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